<unitypes.h>
<unistr.h>
<uniconv.h>
<unistdio.h>
<uniname.h>
<unictype.h>
<uniwidth.h>
<uniwbrk.h>
<unilbrk.h>
<uninorm.h>
<unicase.h>
<uniregex.h>
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Introduction
unistr.h
unictype.h
General category
Properties
uniwbrk.h
uninorm.h
unicase,h
Using the library
Licenses
This library provides functions for manipulating Unicode strings and for manipulating C strings according to the Unicode standard.
It consists of the following parts:
<unistr.h><uniconv.h><unistdio.h><uniname.h><unictype.h><uniwidth.h><uniwbrk.h><unilbrk.h><uninorm.h><unicase.h><uniregex.h>libunistring is for you if your application involves non-trivial text processing, such as upper/lower case conversions, line breaking, operations on words, or more advanced analysis of text. Text provided by the user can, in general, contain characters of all kinds of scripts. The text processing functions provided by this library handle all scripts and all languages.
libunistring is for you if your application already uses the ISO C / POSIX
<ctype.h>, <wctype.h> functions and the text it operates on is
provided by the user and can be in any language.
libunistring is also for you if your application uses Unicode strings as internal in-memory representation.
Unicode is a standardized repertoire of characters that contains characters from all scripts of the world, from Latin letters to Chinese ideographs and Babylonian cuneiform glyphs. It also specifies how these characters are to be rendered on a screen or on paper, and how common text processing (word selection, line breaking, uppercasing of page titles etc.) is supposed to behave on Unicode text.
Unicode also specifies three ways of storing sequences of Unicode characters in a computer whose basic unit of data is an 8-bit byte:
For encoding Unicode text in a file, UTF-8 is usually used. For encoding Unicode strings in memory for a program, either of the three encoding forms can be reasonably used.
Unicode is widely used on the web. Prior to the use of Unicode, web pages were in many different encodings (ISO-8859-1 for English, French, Spanish, ISO-8859-2 for Polish, ISO-8859-7 for Greek, KOI8-R for Russian, GB2312 or BIG5 for Chinese, ISO-2022-JP-2 or EUC-JP or Shift_JIS for Japanese, and many many others). It was next to impossible to create a document that contained Chinese and Polish text in the same document. Due to the many encodings for Japanese, even the processing of pure Japanese text was error prone.
References:
Internationalization is the process of changing the source code of a program so that it can meet the expectations of users in any culture, if culture specific data (translations, images etc.) are provided.
Use of Unicode is not strictly required for internationalization, but it makes internationalization much easier, because operations that need to look at specific characters (like hyphenation, spell checking, or the automatic conversion of double-quotes to opening and closing double-quote characters) don't need to consider multiple possible encodings of the text.
Use of Unicode also enables multilingualization: the ability of having text in multiple languages present in the same document or even in the same line of text.
But use of Unicode is not everything. Internationalization usually consists of three features:
A locale is a set of cultural conventions. According to POSIX, for a program, at any moment, there is one locale being designated as the “current locale”. (Actually, POSIX supports also one locale per thread, but this feature is not yet universally implemented and not widely used.) The locale is partitioned into several aspects, called the “categories” of the locale. The main various aspects are:
LC_CTYPE category.
LC_COLLATE category.
LC_MESSAGES category.
LC_NUMERIC category.
LC_MONETARY
category.
LC_TIME category.
In particular, the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale determines
the character encoding. This is the encoding of ‘char *’ strings.
We also call it the “locale encoding”. GNU libunistring has a function,
locale_charset, that returns a standardized (platform independent)
name for this encoding.
All locale encodings used on glibc systems are essentially ASCII compatible: Most graphic ASCII characters have the same representation, as a single byte, in that encoding as in ASCII.
Among the possible locale encodings are UTF-8 and GB18030. Both allow to represent any Unicode character as a sequence of bytes. UTF-8 is used in most of the world, whereas GB18030 is used in the People's Republic of China, because it is backward compatible with the GB2312 encoding that was used in this country earlier.
The legacy locale encodings, ISO-8859-15 (which supplanted ISO-8859-1 in most of Europe), ISO-8859-2, KOI8-R, EUC-JP, etc., are still in use in many places, though.
UTF-16 and UTF-32 are not used as locale encodings, because they are not ASCII compatible.
There are three ways of representing strings in memory of a running program.
The classical C strings, with its C library support standardized by ISO C and POSIX, can be used in internationalized programs with some precautions. The problem with this API is that many of the C library functions for strings don't work correctly on strings in locale encodings, leading to bugs that only people in some cultures of the world will experience.
The first problem with the C library API is the support of multibyte
locales. According to the locale encoding, in general, every character
is represented by one or more bytes (up to 4 bytes in practice — but
use MB_LEN_MAX instead of the number 4 in the code).
When every character is represented by only 1 byte, we speak of an
“unibyte locale”, otherwise of a “multibyte locale”. It is important
to realize that the majority of Unix installations nowadays use UTF-8
or GB18030 as locale encoding; therefore, the majority of users are
using multibyte locales.
The important fact to remember is:
| A ‘char’ is a byte, not a character. |
As a consequence:
<ctype.h> API is useless in this context; it does not work in
multibyte locales.
strlen function does not return the number of characters
in a string. Nor does it return the number of screen columns occupied
by a string after it is output. It merely returns the number of
bytes occupied by a string.
strncpy, can have the
effect of truncating it in the middle of a multibyte character. Such
a string will, when output, have a garbled character at its end, often
represented by a hollow box.
strchr and strrchr do not work with multibyte strings
if the locale encoding is GB18030 and the character to be searched is
a digit.
strstr does not work with multibyte strings if the locale encoding
is different from UTF-8.
strcspn, strpbrk, strspn cannot work
correctly in multibyte locales: they assume the second argument is a list of
single-byte characters. Even in this simple case, they do not work with
multibyte strings if the locale encoding is GB18030 and one of the
characters to be searched is a digit.
strsep and strtok_r do not work with multibyte strings
unless all of the delimiter characters are ASCII characters < 0x30.
strcasecmp, strncasecmp, and strcasestr
functions do not work with multibyte strings.
The workarounds can be found in GNU gnulib http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/.
mbslen and mbswidth that can be
used instead of strlen when the number of characters or the
number of screen columns of a string is requested.
mbschr and mbsrrchr that are
like strchr and strrchr, but work in multibyte locales.
mbsstr, like strstr, but works
in multibyte locales.
mbscspn, mbspbrk, mbsspn
that are like strcspn, strpbrk, strspn, but
work in multibyte locales.
mbssep and mbstok_r that are
like strsep and strtok_r but work in multibyte locales.
mbscasecmp, mbsncasecmp,
mbspcasecmp, and mbscasestr that are like strcasecmp,
strncasecmp, and strcasestr, but
work in multibyte locales. Still, the function ulc_casecmp is
preferable to these functions; see below.
The second problem with the C library API is that it has some assumptions built-in that are not valid in some languages:
The correct way to deal with this problem is
This is implemented in this library, through the functions declared in <unicase.h>, see unicase.h.
wchar_t messThe ISO C and POSIX standard creators made an attempt to fix the first problem mentioned in the previous section. They introduced
<wctype.h> that were meant to supplant the
ones in <ctype.h>.
Unfortunately, this API and its implementation has numerous problems:
wchar_t is a 16-bit type. This
means that it can never accommodate an entire Unicode character. Either
the wchar_t * strings are limited to characters in UCS-2 (the
“Basic Multilingual Plane” of Unicode), or — if wchar_t *
strings are encoded in UTF-16 — a wchar_t represents only half
of a character in the worst case, making the <wctype.h> functions
pointless.
wchar_t encoding is locale dependent
and undocumented. This means, if you want to know any property of a
wchar_t character, other than the properties defined by
<wctype.h> — such as whether it's a dash, currency symbol,
paragraph separator, or similar —, you have to convert it to
char * encoding first, by use of the function wctomb.
fgetwc and fgetws, and when the input stream/file is
not in the expected encoding, you have no way to determine the invalid
byte sequence and do some corrective action. If you use these
functions, your program becomes “garbage in - more garbage out” or
“garbage in - abort”.
As a consequence, it is better to use multibyte strings, as explained in
the previous section. Such multibyte strings can bypass limitations
of the wchar_t type, if you use functions defined in gnulib and
libunistring for text processing. They can also faithfully transport
malformed characters that were present in the input, without requiring
the program to produce garbage or abort.
libunistring supports Unicode strings in three representations:
uint8_t).
uint16_t).
uint32_t).
As with C strings, there are two variants:
This chapter explains conventions valid throughout the libunistring library.
Variables of type char * denote C strings in locale encoding.
See Locale encodings.
Variables of type uint8_t * denote UTF-8 strings. Their units
are bytes.
Variables of type uint16_t * denote UTF-16 strings, without byte
order mark. Their units are 2-byte words.
Variables of type uint32_t * denote UTF-32 strings, without byte
order mark. Their units are 4-byte words.
Argument pairs (s, n) denote a string
s[0..n-1] with exactly n units.
All functions with prefix ‘ulc_’ operate on C strings in locale encoding.
All functions with prefix ‘u8_’ operate on UTF-8 strings.
All functions with prefix ‘u16_’ operate on UTF-16 strings.
All functions with prefix ‘u32_’ operate on UTF-32 strings.
For every function with prefix ‘u8_’, operating on UTF-8 strings, there is also a corresponding function with prefix ‘u16_’, operating on UTF-16 strings, and a corresponding function with prefix ‘u32_’, operating on UTF-32 strings. Their description is analogous; in this documentation we describe only the function that operates on UTF-8 strings, for brevity.
A declaration with a variable n denotes the three concrete declarations with n = 8, n = 16, n = 32.
All parameters starting with ‘str’ and the parameters of
functions starting with u8_str/u16_str/u32_str
denote a NUL terminated string.
Error values are always returned through the errno variable,
usually with a return value that indicates the presence of an error
(NULL for functions that return an pointer, or -1 for functions that
return an int).
Functions returning a string result take a
(resultbuf, lengthp)
argument pair. If resultbuf is not NULL and the result fits
into *lengthp units, it is put in resultbuf, and
resultbuf is returned. Otherwise, a freshly allocated string
is returned. In both cases, *lengthp is set to the
length (number of units) of the returned string. In case of error,
NULL is returned and errno is set.
<unitypes.h>The include file <unitypes.h> provides the following basic types.
These are the storage units of UTF-8/16/32 strings, respectively. The definitions are taken from
<stdint.h>, on platforms where this include file is present.
<unistr.h>This include file declares elementary functions for Unicode strings. It is
essentially the equivalent of what <string.h> is for C strings.
The following function is available to verify the integrity of a Unicode string.
This function checks whether a Unicode string is well-formed. It returns NULL if valid, or a pointer to the first invalid unit otherwise.
The following functions perform conversions between the different forms of Unicode strings.
Converts an UTF-8 string to an UTF-16 string.
Converts an UTF-8 string to an UTF-32 string.
Converts an UTF-16 string to an UTF-8 string.
Converts an UTF-16 string to an UTF-32 string.
Converts an UTF-32 string to an UTF-8 string.
Converts an UTF-32 string to an UTF-16 string.
The following functions inspect and return details about the first character in a Unicode string.
Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in s, which is no longer than n. Returns 0 if it is the NUL character. Returns -1 upon failure.
This function is similar to
mblen, except that it operates on a Unicode string and that s must not be NULL.
Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in s, putting its
ucs4_trepresentation in*puc. Upon failure,*puc is set to0xfffd, and an appropriate number of units is returned.The number of available units, n, must be > 0.
This function is similar to
mbtowc, except that it operates on a Unicode string, puc and s must not be NULL, n must be > 0, and the NUL character is not treated specially.
This function is like
u8_mbtouc_unsafe, except that it will detect an invalid UTF-8 character, even if the library is compiled without --enable-safety.
Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in s, putting its
ucs4_trepresentation in*puc. Upon failure,*puc is set to0xfffd, and -1 is returned for an invalid sequence of units, -2 is returned for an incomplete sequence of units.The number of available units, n, must be > 0.
This function is similar to
u8_mbtouc, except that the return value gives more details about the failure, similar tombrtowc.
The following function stores a Unicode character as a Unicode string in memory.
Puts the multibyte character represented by uc in s, returning its length. Returns -1 upon failure, -2 if the number of available units, n, is too small. The latter case cannot occur if n >= 6/2/1, respectively.
This function is similar to
wctomb, except that it operates on a Unicode strings, s must not be NULL, and the argument n must be specified.
The following functions copy Unicode strings in memory.
Copies n units from src to dest.
This function is similar to
memcpy, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Copies n units from src to dest, guaranteeing correct behavior for overlapping memory areas.
This function is similar to
memmove, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function fills a Unicode string.
Sets the first n characters of s to uc. uc should be a character that occupies only 1 unit.
This function is similar to
memset, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function compares two Unicode strings of the same length.
Compares s1 and s2, each of length n, lexicographically. Returns a negative value if s1 compares smaller than s2, a positive value if s1 compares larger than s2, or 0 if they compare equal.
This function is similar to
memcmp, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function compares two Unicode strings of possibly different lengths.
Compares s1 and s2, lexicographically. Returns a negative value if s1 compares smaller than s2, a positive value if s1 compares larger than s2, or 0 if they compare equal.
This function is similar to the gnulib function
memcmp2, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function searches for a given Unicode character.
Searches the string at s for uc. Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of uc in s, or NULL if uc does not occur in s.
This function is similar to
memchr, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function counts the number of Unicode characters.
Counts and returns the number of Unicode characters in the n units from s.
This function is similar to the gnulib function
mbsnlen, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function copies a Unicode string.
Makes a freshly allocated copy of s, of length n.
The following functions inspect and return details about the first character in a Unicode string.
Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in s. Returns 0 if it is the NUL character. Returns -1 upon failure.
Returns the length (number of units) of the first character in s, putting its
ucs4_trepresentation in*puc. Returns 0 if it is the NUL character. Returns -1 upon failure.
Forward iteration step. Advances the pointer past the next character, or returns NULL if the end of the string has been reached. Puts the character's
ucs4_trepresentation in*puc.
The following function inspects and returns details about the previous character in a Unicode string.
Backward iteration step. Advances the pointer to point to the previous character, or returns NULL if the beginning of the string had been reached. Puts the character's
ucs4_trepresentation in*puc.
The following functions determine the length of a Unicode string.
Returns the number of units in s.
This function is similar to
strlenandwcslen, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Returns the number of units in s, but at most maxlen.
This function is similar to
strnlenandwcsnlen, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following functions copy portions of Unicode strings in memory.
Copies src to dest.
This function is similar to
strcpyandwcscpy, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Copies src to dest, returning the address of the terminating NUL in dest.
This function is similar to
stpcpy, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Copies no more than n units of src to dest.
This function is similar to
strncpyandwcsncpy, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Copies no more than n units of src to dest. Returns a pointer past the last non-NUL unit written into dest. In other words, if the units written into dest include a NUL, the return value is the address of the first such NUL unit, otherwise it is dest
+n.This function is similar to
stpncpy, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Appends src onto dest.
This function is similar to
strcatandwcscat, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Appends no more than n units of src onto dest.
This function is similar to
strncatandwcsncat, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following functions compare two Unicode strings.
Compares s1 and s2, lexicographically. Returns a negative value if s1 compares smaller than s2, a positive value if s1 compares larger than s2, or 0 if they compare equal.
This function is similar to
strcmpandwcscmp, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Compares s1 and s2 using the collation rules of the current locale. Returns -1 if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 = s2, 1 if s1 > s2. Upon failure, sets
errnoand returns any value.This function is similar to
strcollandwcscoll, except that it operates on Unicode strings.Note that this function may consider different canonical normalizations of the same string as having a large distance. It is therefore better to use the function
u8_normcollinstead of this one; see uninorm.h.
Compares no more than n units of s1 and s2.
This function is similar to
strncmpandwcsncmp, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following function allocates a duplicate of a Unicode string.
Duplicates s, returning an identical malloc'd string.
This function is similar to
strdupandwcsdup, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following functions search for a given Unicode character.
Finds the first occurrence of uc in str.
This function is similar to
strchrandwcschr, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Finds the last occurrence of uc in str.
This function is similar to
strrchrandwcsrchr, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following functions search for the first occurrence of some Unicode character in or outside a given set of Unicode characters.
Returns the length of the initial segment of str which consists entirely of Unicode characters not in reject.
This function is similar to
strcspnandwcscspn, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Returns the length of the initial segment of str which consists entirely of Unicode characters in accept.
This function is similar to
strspnandwcsspn, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Finds the first occurrence in str of any character in accept.
This function is similar to
strpbrkandwcspbrk, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
The following functions search whether a given Unicode string is a substring of another Unicode string.
Finds the first occurrence of needle in haystack.
This function is similar to
strstrandwcsstr, except that it operates on Unicode strings.
Tests whether str starts with prefix.
Tests whether str ends with suffix.
The following function does one step in tokenizing a Unicode string.
Divides str into tokens separated by characters in delim.
This function is similar to
strtok_randwcstok, except that it operates on Unicode strings. Its interface is actually more similar towcstokthan tostrtok.
<uniconv.h>This include file declares functions for converting between Unicode strings
and char * strings in locale encoding or in other specified encodings.
The following function returns the locale encoding.
Determines the current locale's character encoding, and canonicalizes it into one of the canonical names listed in config.charset. If the canonical name cannot be determined, the result is a non-canonical name.
The result must not be freed; it is statically allocated.
The result of this function can be used as an argument to the
iconv_openfunction in GNU libc, in GNU libiconv, or in the gnulib provided wrapper around the nativeiconv_openfunction. It may not work as an argument to the nativeiconv_openfunction directly.
The handling of unconvertible characters during the conversions can be parametrized through the following enumeration type:
This type specifies how unconvertible characters in the input are handled.
This handler causes the function to return with
errnoset toEILSEQ.
This handler produces one question mark ‘?’ per unconvertible character.
This handler produces an escape sequence
\uxxxx or\Uxxxxxxxx for each unconvertible character.
The following functions convert between strings in a specified encoding and Unicode strings.
Converts an entire string, possibly including NUL bytes, from one encoding to UTF-8 encoding.
Converts a memory region given in encoding fromcode. fromcode is as for the
iconv_openfunction.The input is in the memory region between src (inclusive) and src
+srclen (exclusive).If offsets is not NULL, it should point to an array of srclen integers; this array is filled with offsets into the result, i.e. the character starting at src
[i]corresponds to the character starting at result[offsets[i]], and other offsets are set to(size_t)(-1).resultbuf and
*lengthp should be a scratch buffer and its size, or resultbuf can be NULL.May erase the contents of the memory at resultbuf.
If successful: The resulting Unicode string (non-NULL) is returned and its length stored in
*lengthp. The resulting string is resultbuf if no dynamic memory allocation was necessary, or a freshly allocated memory block otherwise.In case of error: NULL is returned and
errnois set. Particularerrnovalues:EINVAL,EILSEQ,ENOMEM.
Converts an entire Unicode string, possibly including NUL units, from UTF-8 encoding to a given encoding.
Converts a memory region to encoding tocode. tocode is as for the
iconv_openfunction.The input is in the memory region between src (inclusive) and src
+srclen (exclusive).If offsets is not NULL, it should point to an array of srclen integers; this array is filled with offsets into the result, i.e. the character starting at src
[i]corresponds to the character starting at result[offsets[i]], and other offsets are set to(size_t)(-1).resultbuf and
*lengthp should be a scratch buffer and its size, or resultbuf can be NULL.May erase the contents of the memory at resultbuf.
If successful: The resulting Unicode string (non-NULL) is returned and its length stored in
*lengthp. The resulting string is resultbuf if no dynamic memory allocation was necessary, or a freshly allocated memory block otherwise.In case of error: NULL is returned and
errnois set. Particularerrnovalues:EINVAL,EILSEQ,ENOMEM.
The following functions convert between NUL terminated strings in a specified encoding and NUL terminated Unicode strings.
Converts a NUL terminated string from a given encoding.
The result is
mallocallocated, or NULL (with errno set) in case of error.Particular
errnovalues:EILSEQ,ENOMEM.
Converts a NUL terminated string to a given encoding.
The result is
mallocallocated, or NULL (witherrnoset) in case of error.Particular
errnovalues:EILSEQ,ENOMEM.
The following functions are shorthands that convert between NUL terminated strings in locale encoding and NUL terminated Unicode strings.
Converts a NUL terminated string from the locale encoding.
The result is
mallocallocated, or NULL (witherrnoset) in case of error.Particular
errnovalues:ENOMEM.
Converts a NUL terminated string to the locale encoding.
The result is
mallocallocated, or NULL (witherrnoset) in case of error.Particular
errnovalues:ENOMEM.
<unistdio.h>This include file declares functions for doing formatted output with Unicode
strings. It defines a set of functions similar to fprintf and
sprintf, which are declared in <stdio.h>.
These functions work like the printf function family.
In the format string:
const uint8_t *).
const uint16_t *).
const uint32_t *).
A function name with an infix ‘v’ indicates that a va_list is
passed instead of multiple arguments.
The functions *sprintf have a buf argument that is assumed to be
large enough.
(DANGEROUS! Overflowing the buffer will crash the program.)
The functions *snprintf have a buf argument that is assumed to be
size units large. (DANGEROUS! The resulting string might be
truncated in the middle of a multibyte character.)
The functions *asprintf have a resultp argument. The result will
be freshly allocated and stored in *resultp.
The functions *asnprintf have a (resultbuf, lengthp)
argument pair. If resultbuf is not NULL and the result fits into
*lengthp units, it is put in resultbuf, and resultbuf
is returned. Otherwise, a freshly allocated string is returned. In both
cases, *lengthp is set to the length (number of units) of the
returned string. In case of error, NULL is returned and errno is set.
The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result that
is a char * string in locale encoding.
The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in UTF-8 format.
The following functions take an UTF-8 format string and return a result in UTF-8 format.
The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in UTF-16 format.
The following functions take an UTF-16 format string and return a result in UTF-16 format.
The following functions take an ASCII format string and return a result in UTF-32 format.
The following functions take an UTF-32 format string and return a result in UTF-32 format.
The following functions take an ASCII format string and produce output in
locale encoding to a FILE stream.
<uniname.h>This include file implements the association between a Unicode character and its name.
The name of a Unicode character allows to distinguish it from other, similar
looking characters. For example, the character ‘x’ has the name
"LATIN SMALL LETTER X" and is therefore different from the character
named "MULTIPLICATION SIGN".
This macro expands to a constant that is the required size of buffer for a Unicode character name.
Looks up the name of a Unicode character, in uppercase ASCII. buf must point to a buffer, at least
UNINAME_MAXbytes in size. Returns the filled buf, or NULL if the character does not have a name.
Looks up the Unicode character with a given name, in upper- or lowercase ASCII. Returns the character if found, or
UNINAME_INVALIDif not found.
This macro expands to a constant that is a special return value of the
unicode_name_characterfunction.
<unictype.h>This include file declares functions that classify Unicode characters and that test whether Unicode characters have specific properties.
The classification assigns a “general category” to every Unicode
character. This is similar to the classification provided by ISO C in
<wctype.h>.
Properties are the data that guides various text processing algorithms in the presence of specific Unicode characters.
Every Unicode character or code point has a general category assigned to it. This classification is important for most algorithms that work on Unicode text.
The GNU libunistring library provides two kinds of API for working with
general categories. The object oriented API uses a variable to denote
every predefined general category value or combinations thereof. The
low-level API uses a bit mask instead. The advantage of the object oriented
API is that if only a few predefined general category values are used,
the data tables are relatively small. When you combine general category
values (using uc_general_category_or, uc_general_category_and,
or uc_general_category_and_not), or when you use the low level
bit masks, a big table is used thats holds the complete general category
information for all Unicode characters.
This data type denotes a general category value. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type.
The following are the predefined general category value. Additional general categories may be added in the future.
The following are alias names for predefined General category values.
This is another name for
UC_CATEGORY_Ps(“start punctuation”).
This is another name for
UC_CATEGORY_Pe(“end punctuation”).
This is another name for
UC_CATEGORY_Pi.
This is another name for
UC_CATEGORY_Cs. All code points in this category are invalid characters.
This is another name for
UC_CATEGORY_Cn. Some code points in this category are invalid characters.
The following functions combine general categories, like in a boolean algebra, except that there is no ‘not’ operation.
Returns the union of two general categories. This corresponds to the unions of the two sets of characters.
Returns the intersection of two general categories as bit masks. This does not correspond to the intersection of the two sets of characters.
Returns the intersection of a general category with the complement of a second general category, as bit masks. This does not correspond to the intersection with complement, when viewing the categories as sets of characters.
The following functions associate general categories with their name.
Returns the name of a general category. Returns NULL if the general category corresponds to a bit mask that does not have a name.
Returns the general category given by name, e.g.
"Lu".
The following functions view general categories as sets of Unicode characters.
Returns the general category of a Unicode character.
This function uses a big table.
Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given category. The category argument can be a predefined general category or the combination of several predefined general categories.
The following are the predefined general category value as bit masks. Additional general categories may be added in the future.
The following function views general categories as sets of Unicode characters.
Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given category. The bitmask argument can be a predefined general category bitmask or the combination of several predefined general category bitmasks.
This function uses a big table comprising all general categories.
Every Unicode character or code point has a canonical combining class assigned to it.
What is the meaning of the canonical combining class? Essentially, it indicates the priority with which a combining character is attached to its base character. The characters for which the canonical combining class is 0 are the base characters, and the characters for which it is greater than 0 are the combining characters. Combining characters are rendered near/attached/around their base character, and combining characters with small combining classes are attached "first" or "closer" to the base character.
The canonical combining class of a character is a number in the range 0..255. The possible values are described in the Unicode Character Database http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UCD.html. The list here is not definitive; more values can be added in future versions.
The canonical combining class value for “Not Reordered” characters. The value is 0.
The canonical combining class value for “Attached Below Left” characters.
The canonical combining class value for “Attached Above Right” characters.
The following function looks up the canonical combining class of a character.
Returns the canonical combining class of a Unicode character.
Every Unicode character or code point has a bidirectional category assigned to it.
The bidirectional category guides the bidirectional algorithm (http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/). The possible values are the following.
The following functions implement the association between a bidirectional category and its name.
Returns the name of a bidirectional category.
Returns the bidirectional category given by name, e.g.
"LRE".
The following functions view bidirectional categories as sets of Unicode characters.
Returns the bidirectional category of a Unicode character.
Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given bidirectional category.
Decimal digits (like the digits from ‘0’ to ‘9’) exist in many scripts. The following function converts a decimal digit character to its numerical value.
Returns the decimal digit value of a Unicode character. The return value is an integer in the range 0..9, or -1 for characters that do not represent a decimal digit.
Digit characters are like decimal digit characters, possibly in special forms, like as superscript, subscript, or circled. The following function converts a digit character to its numerical value.
Returns the digit value of a Unicode character. The return value is an integer in the range 0..9, or -1 for characters that do not represent a digit.
There are also characters that represent numbers without a digit system, like the Roman numerals, and fractional numbers, like 1/4 or 3/4.
The following type represents the numeric value of a Unicode character.
This is a structure type with the following fields:
int numerator; int denominator;An integer n is represented by
numerator =n,denominator = 1.
The following function converts a number character to its numerical value.
Returns the numeric value of a Unicode character. The return value is a fraction, or the pseudo-fraction
{ 0, 0 }for characters that do not represent a number.
Character mirroring is used to associate the closing parenthesis character to the opening parenthesis character, the closing brace character with the opening brace character, and so on.
The following function looks up the mirrored character of a Unicode character.
Stores the mirrored character of a Unicode character uc in
*puc and returnstrue, if it exists. Otherwise it stores uc unmodified in*puc and returnsfalse.
This section defines boolean properties of Unicode characters. This means, a character either has the given property or does not have it. In other words, the property can be viewed as a subset of the set of Unicode characters.
The GNU libunistring library provides two kinds of API for working with
properties. The object oriented API uses a type uc_property_t
to designate a property. In the function-based API, which is a bit more
low level, a property is merely a function.
The following type designates a property on Unicode characters.
This data type denotes a boolean property on Unicode characters. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type.
Many Unicode properties are predefined.
The following are general properties.
The following properties are related to case folding.
The following properties are related to identifiers.
The following properties have an influence on shaping and rendering.
The following properties relate to bidirectional reordering.
The following properties deal with number representations.
The following properties deal with CJK.
Other miscellaneous properties are:
The following function looks up a property by its name.
Returns the property given by name, e.g.
"White space". If a property with the given name exists, the result will satisfy theuc_property_is_validpredicate. Otherwise the result will not satisfy this predicate and must not be passed to functions that expect anuc_property_targument.This function references a big table of all predefined properties. Its use can significantly increase the size of your application.
Returns
truewhen the given property is valid, orfalseotherwise.
The following function views a property as a set of Unicode characters.
Tests whether the Unicode character uc has the given property.
The following are general properties.
The following properties are related to case folding.
The following properties are related to identifiers.
The following properties have an influence on shaping and rendering.
The following properties relate to bidirectional reordering.
The following properties deal with number representations.
The following properties deal with CJK.
Other miscellaneous properties are:
The Unicode characters are subdivided into scripts.
The following type is used to represent a script:
This data type is a structure type that refers to statically allocated read-only data. It contains the following fields:
const char *name;The
namefield contains the name of the script.
The following functions look up a script.
Returns the script of a Unicode character. Returns NULL if uc does not belong to any script.
Returns the script given by its name, e.g.
"HAN". Returns NULL if a script with the given name does not exist.
The following function views a script as a set of Unicode characters.
Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given script.
The following gives a global picture of all scripts.
Get the list of all scripts. Stores a pointer to an array of all scripts in
*scripts and the length of this array in*count.
The Unicode characters are subdivided into blocks. A block is an interval of Unicode code points.
The following type is used to represent a block.
This data type is a structure type that refers to statically allocated data. It contains the following fields:
ucs4_t start; ucs4_t end; const char *name;The
startfield is the first Unicode code point in the block.The
endfield is the last Unicode code point in the block.The
namefield is the name of the block.
The following function looks up a block.
The following function views a block as a set of Unicode characters.
Tests whether a Unicode character belongs to a given block.
The following gives a global picture of all block.
Get the list of all blocks. Stores a pointer to an array of all blocks in
*blocks and the length of this array in*count.
The following properties are taken from language standards. The supported language standards are ISO C 99 and Java.
Tests whether a Unicode character is considered whitespace in ISO C 99.
Tests whether a Unicode character is considered whitespace in Java.
The following enumerated values are the possible return values of the functions
uc_c_ident_category and uc_java_ident_category.
This return value means that the given character is valid as first or subsequent character in an identifier.
This return value means that the given character is valid as subsequent character only.
This return value means that the given character is not valid in an identifier.
This return value (only for Java) means that the given character is ignorable.
The following function determine whether a given character can be a constituent of an identifier in the given programming language.
Returns the categorization of a Unicode character with respect to the ISO C 99 identifier syntax.
Returns the categorization of a Unicode character with respect to the Java identifier syntax.
The following character classifications mimic those declared in the ISO C
header files <ctype.h> and <wctype.h>. These functions are
deprecated, because this set of functions was designed with ASCII in mind and
cannot reflect the more diverse reality of the Unicode character set. But
they can be a quick-and-dirty porting aid when migrating from wchar_t
APIs to Unicode strings.
Tests for any character for which
uc_is_alphaoruc_is_digitis true.
Tests for any character for which
uc_is_upperoruc_is_loweris true, or any character that is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none ofuc_is_cntrl,uc_is_digit,uc_is_punct, oruc_is_spaceis true.
Tests for any character that corresponds to a decimal-digit character.
Tests for any character for which
uc_is_printis true anduc_is_spaceis false.
Tests for any character that corresponds to a lowercase letter or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of
uc_is_cntrl,uc_is_digit,uc_is_punct, oruc_is_spaceis true.
Tests for any printing character that is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which neither
uc_is_spacenoruc_is_alnumis true.
Test for any character that corresponds to a locale-specific set of characters for which none of
uc_is_alnum,uc_is_graph, oruc_is_punctis true.
Tests for any character that corresponds to an uppercase letter or is one of a locale-specific set of characters for which none of
uc_is_cntrl,uc_is_digit,uc_is_punct, oruc_is_spaceis true.
Tests for any character that corresponds to a hexadecimal-digit character.
Tests for any character that corresponds to a standard blank character or a locale-specific set of characters for which
uc_is_alnumis false.
<uniwidth.h>This include file declares functions that return the display width, measured in columns, of characters or strings, when output to a device that uses non-proportional fonts.
Note that for some rarely used characters the actual fonts or terminal emulators can use a different width. There is no mechanism for communicating the display width of characters across a Unix pseudo-terminal (tty). Also, there are scripts with complex rendering, like the Indic scripts. For these scripts, there is no such concept as non-proportional fonts. Therefore the results of these functions usually work fine on most scripts and on most characters but can fail to represent the actual display width.
These functions are locale dependent. The encoding argument identifies
the encoding (e.g. "ISO-8859-2" for Polish).
Determines and returns the number of column positions required for uc. Returns -1 if uc is a control character that has an influence on the column position when output.
Determines and returns the number of column positions required for first n units (or fewer if s ends before this) in s. This function ignores control characters in the string.
Determines and returns the number of column positions required for s. This function ignores control characters in the string.
<uniwbrk.h>This include file declares functions for determining where in a string “words” start and end. Here “words” are not necessarily the same as entities that can be looked up in dictionaries, but rather groups of consecutive characters that should not be split by text processing operations.
The following functions determine the word breaks in a string.
Determines the word break points in s, an array of n units, and stores the result at p
[0..n-1].p
- p
[i] = 1- means that there is a word boundary between s
[i-1]and s[i].- p
[i] = 0- means that s
[i-1]and s[i]must not be separated.[0]is always set to 0. If an application wants to consider a word break to be present at the beginning of the string (before s[0]) or at the end of the string (after s[0..n-1]), it has to treat these cases explicitly.
This is a more low-level API. The word break property is a property defined in Unicode Standard Annex #29, section “Word Boundaries”, see http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/#Word_Boundaries. It is used for determining the word breaks in a string.
The following are the possible values of the word break property. More values may be added in the future.
The following function looks up the word break property of a character.
Returns the Word_Break property of a Unicode character.
<unilbrk.h>This include file declares functions for determining where in a string line breaks could or should be introduced, in order to make the displayed string fit into a column of given width.
These functions are locale dependent. The encoding argument identifies
the encoding (e.g. "ISO-8859-2" for Polish).
The following enumerated values indicate whether, at a given position, a line
break is possible or not. Given an string s as an array
s[0..n-1] and a position i, the values have the
following meanings:
This value indicates that a line break may be inserted between s
[i-1]and s[i].
This value indicates that a hyphen and a line break may be inserted between s
[i-1]and s[i]. But beware of language dependent hyphenation rules.
This value indicates that s
[i-1]and s[i]must not be separated.
This value is not used as a return value; rather, in the overriding argument of the
u*_width_linebreaksfunctions, it indicates the absence of an override.
The following functions determine the positions at which line breaks are possible.
Determines the line break points in s, and stores the result at p
[0..n-1]. Every p[i]is assigned one of the valuesUC_BREAK_MANDATORY,UC_BREAK_POSSIBLE,UC_BREAK_HYPHENATION,UC_BREAK_PROHIBITED.
The following functions determine where line breaks should be inserted so that each line fits in a given width, when output to a device that uses non-proportional fonts.
Chooses the best line breaks, assuming that every character occupies a width given by the
uc_widthfunction (see uniwidth.h).The string is s
[0..n-1].The maximum number of columns per line is given as width. The starting column of the string is given as start_column. If the algorithm shall keep room after the last piece, this amount of room can be given as at_end_columns.
override is an optional override; if override
[i] != UC_BREAK_UNDEFINED, override[i]takes precedence over p[i]as returned by theu*_possible_linebreaksfunction.The given encoding is used for disambiguating widths in
uc_width.Returns the column after the end of the string, and stores the result at p
[0..n-1]. Every p[i]is assigned one of the valuesUC_BREAK_MANDATORY,UC_BREAK_POSSIBLE,UC_BREAK_HYPHENATION,UC_BREAK_PROHIBITED. Here the valueUC_BREAK_POSSIBLEindicates that a line break should be inserted.
<uninorm.h>This include file defines functions for transforming Unicode strings to one of the four normal forms, known as NFC, NFD, NKFC, NFKD. These transformations involve decomposition and — for NFC and NFKC — composition of Unicode characters.
The following enumerated values are the possible types of decomposition of a Unicode character.
UCD marker:
<font>. Denotes a font variant (e.g. a blackletter form).
UCD marker:
<noBreak>. Denotes a no-break version of a space or hyphen.
UCD marker:
<initial>. Denotes an initial presentation form (Arabic).
UCD marker:
<isolated>. Denotes an isolated presentation form (Arabic).
UCD marker:
<vertical>. Denotes a vertical layout presentation form.
UCD marker:
<wide>. Denotes a wide (or zenkaku) compatibility character.
UCD marker:
<narrow>. Denotes a narrow (or hankaku) compatibility character.
UCD marker:
<small>. Denotes a small variant form (CNS compatibility).
UCD marker:
<compat>. Denotes an otherwise unspecified compatibility character.
The following constant denotes the maximum size of decomposition of a single Unicode character.
This macro expands to a constant that is the required size of buffer passed to the
uc_decompositionanduc_canonical_decompositionfunctions.
The following functions decompose a Unicode character.
Returns the character decomposition mapping of the Unicode character uc. decomposition must point to an array of at least
UC_DECOMPOSITION_MAX_LENGTHucs_telements.When a decomposition exists, decomposition
[0..n-1]and*decomp_tag are filled and n is returned. Otherwise -1 is returned.
Returns the canonical character decomposition mapping of the Unicode character uc. decomposition must point to an array of at least
UC_DECOMPOSITION_MAX_LENGTHucs_telements.When a decomposition exists, decomposition
[0..n-1]is filled and n is returned. Otherwise -1 is returned.
The following function composes a Unicode character from two Unicode characters.
Attempts to combine the Unicode characters uc1, uc2. uc1 is known to have canonical combining class 0.
Returns the combination of uc1 and uc2, if it exists. Returns 0 otherwise.
Not all decompositions can be recombined using this function. See the Unicode file CompositionExclusions.txt for details.
The Unicode standard defines four normalization forms for Unicode strings. The following type is used to denote a normalization form.
An object of type
uninorm_tdenotes a Unicode normalization form. This is a scalar type; its values can be compared with==.
The following constants denote the four normalization forms.
Normalization form C: canonical decomposition, then canonical composition.
Normalization form KC: compatibility decomposition, then canonical composition.
The following functions operate on uninorm_t objects.
Tests whether the normalization form nf does compatibility decomposition.
Tests whether the normalization form nf includes canonical composition.
Returns the decomposing variant of the normalization form nf. This maps NFC,NFD → NFD and NFKC,NFKD → NFKD.
The following functions apply a Unicode normalization form to a Unicode string.
Returns the specified normalization form of a string.
The following functions compare Unicode string, ignoring differences in normalization.
Compares s1 and s2, ignoring differences in normalization.
nf must be either
UNINORM_NFDorUNINORM_NFKD.If successful, sets
*resultp to -1 if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 = s2, 1 if s1 > s2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
Converts the string s of length n to a NUL-terminated byte sequence, in such a way that comparing
u8_normxfrm (s1)andu8_normxfrm (s2)with theu8_cmp2function is equivalent to comparing s1 and s2 with theu8_normcollfunction.nf must be either
UNINORM_NFCorUNINORM_NFKC.
Compares s1 and s2, ignoring differences in normalization, using the collation rules of the current locale.
nf must be either
UNINORM_NFCorUNINORM_NFKC.If successful, sets
*resultp to -1 if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 = s2, 1 if s1 > s2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
A “stream of Unicode characters” is essentially a function that accepts an
ucs4_t argument repeatedly, optionally combined with a function that
“flushes” the stream.
This is the data type of a stream of Unicode characters that normalizes its input according to a given normalization form and passes the normalized character sequence to the encapsulated stream of Unicode characters.
Creates and returns a normalization filter for Unicode characters.
The pair (stream_func, stream_data) is the encapsulated stream. stream_func
(stream_data,uc)receives the Unicode character uc and returns 0 if successful, or -1 witherrnoset upon failure.Returns the new filter, or NULL with
errnoset upon failure.
Stuffs a Unicode character into a normalizing filter. Returns 0 if successful, or -1 with
errnoset upon failure.
Brings data buffered in the filter to its destination, the encapsulated stream.
Returns 0 if successful, or -1 with
errnoset upon failure.Note! If after calling this function, additional characters are written into the filter, the resulting character sequence in the encapsulated stream will not necessarily be normalized.
Brings data buffered in the filter to its destination, the encapsulated stream, then closes and frees the filter.
Returns 0 if successful, or -1 with
errnoset upon failure.
<unicase.h>This include file defines functions for case mapping for Unicode strings and case insensitive comparison of Unicode strings and C strings.
These string functions fix the problems that were mentioned in char * strings, namely, they handle the Croatian LETTER DZ WITH CARON, the German LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S, the Greek sigma and the Lithuanian i correctly.
The following functions implement case mappings on Unicode characters — for those cases only where the result of the mapping is a again a single Unicode character.
These mappings are locale and context independent.
| WARNING! These functions are not sufficient for languages such as German, Greek and Lithuanian. Better use the functions below that treat an entire string at once and are language aware. |
Returns the uppercase mapping of the Unicode character uc.
Returns the lowercase mapping of the Unicode character uc.
Returns the titlecase mapping of the Unicode character uc.
The titlecase mapping of a character is to be used when the character should look like upper case and the following characters are lower cased.
For most characters, this is the same as the uppercase mapping. There are only few characters where the title case variant and the uuper case variant are different. These characters occur in the Latin writing of the Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian languages.
Lower case Title case Upper case LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON
Case mapping should always be performed on entire strings, not on individual characters. The functions in this sections do so.
These functions allow to apply a normalization after the case mapping. The reason is that if you want to treat ‘ä’ and ‘Ä’ the same, you most often also want to treat the composed and decomposed forms of such a character, U+00C4 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS and U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A U+0308 COMBINING DIAERESIS the same. The nf argument designates the normalization.
These functions are locale dependent. The iso639_language argument
identifies the language (e.g. "tr" for Turkish). NULL means to use
locale independent case mappings.
Returns the ISO 639 language code of the current locale. Returns
""if it is unknown, or in the "C" locale.
Returns the uppercase mapping of a string.
The nf argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.
Returns the lowercase mapping of a string.
The nf argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.
Returns the titlecase mapping of a string.
Mapping to title case means that, in each word, the first cased character is being mapped to title case and the remaining characters of the word are being mapped to lower case.
The nf argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.
Case mapping of a substring cannot simply be performed by extracting the substring and then applying the case mapping function to it. This does not work because case mapping requires some information about the surrounding characters. The following functions allow to apply case mappings to substrings of a given string, while taking into account the characters that precede it (the “prefix”) and the characters that follow it (the “suffix”).
This data type denotes the case-mapping context that is given by a prefix string. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type.
This constant is the case-mapping context that corresponds to an empty prefix string.
The following functions return casing_prefix_context_t objects:
Returns the case-mapping context of a given prefix string.
Returns the case-mapping context of the prefix concat(a, s), given the case-mapping context of the prefix a.
This data type denotes the case-mapping context that is given by a suffix string. It is an immediate type that can be copied by simple assignment, without involving memory allocation. It is not an array type.
This constant is the case-mapping context that corresponds to an empty suffix string.
The following functions return casing_suffix_context_t objects:
Returns the case-mapping context of a given suffix string.
Returns the case-mapping context of the suffix concat(s, a), given the case-mapping context of the suffix a.
The following functions perform a case mapping, considering the prefix context and the suffix context.
Returns the uppercase mapping of a string that is surrounded by a prefix and a suffix.
Returns the lowercase mapping of a string that is surrounded by a prefix and a suffix.
Returns the titlecase mapping of a string that is surrounded by a prefix and a suffix.
For example, to uppercase the UTF-8 substring between s + start_index
and s + end_index of a string that extends from s to
s + u8_strlen (s), you can use the statements
size_t result_length;
uint8_t result =
u8_ct_toupper (s + start_index, end_index - start_index,
u8_casing_prefix_context (s, start_index),
u8_casing_suffix_context (s + end_index,
u8_strlen (s) - end_index),
iso639_language, NULL, NULL, &result_length);
The following functions implement comparison that ignores differences in case and normalization.
Returns the case folded string.
Comparing
u8_casefold (s1)andu8_casefold (s2)with theu8_cmp2function is equivalent to comparing s1 and s2 withu8_casecmp.The nf argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.
Returns the case folded string. The case folding takes into account the case mapping contexts of the prefix and suffix strings.
Compares s1 and s2, ignoring differences in case and normalization.
The nf argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.
If successful, sets
*resultp to -1 if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 = s2, 1 if s1 > s2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
The following functions additionally take into account the sorting rules of the current locale.
Converts the string s of length n to a NUL-terminated byte sequence, in such a way that comparing
u8_casexfrm (s1)andu8_casexfrm (s2)with the gnulib functionmemcmp2is equivalent to comparing s1 and s2 withu8_casecoll.nf must be either
UNINORM_NFC,UNINORM_NFKC, or NULL for no normalization.
Compares s1 and s2, ignoring differences in case and normalization, using the collation rules of the current locale.
The nf argument identifies the normalization form to apply after the case-mapping. It must be either
UNINORM_NFCorUNINORM_NFKC. It can also be NULL, for no normalization.If successful, sets
*resultp to -1 if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 = s2, 1 if s1 > s2, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
The following functions determine whether a Unicode string is entirely in upper case. or entirely in lower case, or entirely in title case, or already case-folded.
Sets
*resultp to true if mapping NFD(s) to upper case is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
Sets
*resultp to true if mapping NFD(s) to lower case is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
Sets
*resultp to true if mapping NFD(s) to title case is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
Sets
*resultp to true if applying case folding to NFD(S) is a no-op, or to false otherwise, and returns 0. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
The following functions determine whether case mappings have any effect on a Unicode string.
Sets
*resultp to true if case matters for s, that is, if mapping NFD(s) to either upper case or lower case or title case is not a no-op. Set*resultp to false if NFD(s) maps to itself under the upper case mapping, under the lower case mapping, and under the title case mapping; in other words, when NFD(s) consists entirely of caseless characters. Upon failure, returns -1 witherrnoset.
<uniregex.h>This include file is not yet implemented.
This chapter explains some practical considerations, regarding the installation and compiler options that are needed in order to use this library.
Before you can use the library, it must be installed. First, you have to make sure all dependencies are installed. They are listed in the file DEPENDENCIES.
Then you can proceed to build and install the library, as described in the file INSTALL. For installation on Windows systems, please refer to the file README.woe32.
Let's denote as LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX the value of the ‘--prefix’
option that you passed to configure while installing this package.
If you didn't pass any ‘--prefix’ option, then the package is installed
in /usr/local.
Let's denote as LIBUNISTRING_INCLUDEDIR the directory where the
include files were installed. This is usually the same as
${LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX}/include. Except that if you passed an
‘--includedir’ option to configure, it is the value of that
option.
Let's further denote as LIBUNISTRING_LIBDIR the directory where
the library itself was installed. This is the value that you passed
with the ‘--libdir’ option to configure, or otherwise the
same as ${LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX}/lib. Recall that when building
in 64-bit mode on a 64-bit GNU/Linux system that supports executables
in either 64-bit mode or 32-bit mode, you should have used the option
--libdir=${LIBUNISTRING_PREFIX}/lib64.
So that the compiler finds the include files, you have to pass it the
option -I${LIBUNISTRING_INCLUDEDIR}.
So that the compiler finds the library during its linking pass, you have
to pass it the options -L${LIBUNISTRING_LIBDIR} -lunistring.
On some systems, in some configurations, you also have to pass options
needed for linking with libiconv. The autoconf macro
gl_LIBUNISTRING (see Autoconf macro) deals with this
particularity.
Most of the include files have been presented in the introduction, see Introduction, and subsequent detailed chapters.
Another include file is <unistring/version.h>. It contains the
version number of the libunistring library.
This constant contains the version of libunistring that is being used at compile time. It encodes the major and minor parts of the version number only. These parts are encoded in the form
(major<<8) + minor.
This constant contains the version of libunistring that is being used at run time. It encodes the major and minor parts of the version number only. These parts are encoded in the form
(major<<8) + minor.
It is possible that _libunistring_version is greater than
_LIBUNISTRING_VERSION. This can happen when you use
libunistring as a shared library, and a newer, binary
backward-compatible version has been installed after your program
that uses libunistring was installed.
GNU Gnulib provides an autoconf macro that tests for the availability
of libunistring. It is contained in the Gnulib module
‘libunistring’, see
http://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/MODULES.html#module=libunistring.
The macro is called gl_LIBUNISTRING. It searches for an installed
libunistring. If found, it sets and AC_SUBSTs HAVE_LIBUNISTRING=yes
and the LIBUNISTRING and LTLIBUNISTRING variables and augments
the CPPFLAGS variable, and defines the C macro
HAVE_LIBUNISTRING to 1. Otherwise, it sets and AC_SUBSTs
HAVE_LIBUNISTRING=no and LIBUNISTRING and LTLIBUNISTRING
to empty.
The complexities that gl_LIBUNISTRING deals with are the following:
libiconv, and the options for linking with libiconv must be
mentioned explicitly on the link command line.
libunistring, if installed, is not necessarily already in the
search path (CPPFLAGS for the include file search path,
LDFLAGS for the library search path).
libunistring, if installed, is not necessarily already in the
run time library search path. To avoid the need for setting an environment
variable like LD_LIBRARY_PATH, the macro adds the appropriate
run time search path options to the LIBUNISTRING variable. This works
on most systems.
If you encounter any problem, please don't hesitate to send a detailed
bug report to the bug-libunistring@gnu.org mailing list. You can
alternatively also use the bug tracker at the project page
https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/libunistring.
Please always include the version number of this library, and a short description of your operating system and compilation environment with corresponding version numbers.
For problems that appear while building and installing libunistring,
for which you don't find the remedy in the INSTALL file, please include
a description of the options that you passed to the ‘configure’ script.
For bidirectional reordering of strings, we recommend the GNU FriBidi library: http://www.fribidi.org/.
For the rendering of Unicode strings outside of the context of a given toolkit (KDE/Qt or GNOME/Gtk), we recommend the Pango library: http://www.pango.org/.
The files of this package are covered by the licenses indicated in each particular file or directory. Here is a summary:
libunistring library is covered by the
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A copy of the license is included in GNU LGPL.
Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
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You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
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Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
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with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
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If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this:
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If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
casing_prefix_context_t: Case mappings of substringscasing_suffix_context_t: Case mappings of substringsenum iconv_ilseq_handler: uniconv.hgl_LIBUNISTRING: Autoconf macrolocale_charset: uniconv.hstruct uninorm_filter: Normalization of streamsu16_asnprintf: unistdio.hu16_asprintf: unistdio.hu16_casecmp: Case insensitive comparisonu16_casecoll: Case insensitive comparisonu16_casefold: Case insensitive comparisonu16_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparisonu16_casing_prefix_context: Case mappings of substringsu16_casing_prefixes_context: Case mappings of substringsu16_casing_suffix_context: Case mappings of substringsu16_casing_suffixes_context: Case mappings of substringsu16_check: Elementary string checksu16_chr: Elementary string functionsu16_cmp: Elementary string functionsu16_cmp2: Elementary string functionsu16_conv_from_encoding: uniconv.hu16_conv_to_encoding: uniconv.hu16_cpy: Elementary string functionsu16_cpy_alloc: Elementary string functions with memory allocationu16_ct_casefold: Case insensitive comparisonu16_ct_tolower: Case mappings of substringsu16_ct_totitle: Case mappings of substringsu16_ct_toupper: Case mappings of substringsu16_endswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_is_cased: Case detectionu16_is_casefolded: Case detectionu16_is_lowercase: Case detectionu16_is_titlecase: Case detectionu16_is_uppercase: Case detectionu16_mblen: Elementary string functionsu16_mbsnlen: Elementary string functionsu16_mbtouc: Elementary string functionsu16_mbtouc_unsafe: Elementary string functionsu16_mbtoucr: Elementary string functionsu16_move: Elementary string functionsu16_next: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_normalize: Normalization of stringsu16_normcmp: Normalizing comparisonsu16_normcoll: Normalizing comparisonsu16_normxfrm: Normalizing comparisonsu16_possible_linebreaks: unilbrk.hu16_prev: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_set: Elementary string functionsu16_snprintf: unistdio.hu16_sprintf: unistdio.hu16_startswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_stpcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_stpncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strcat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strcmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strcoll: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strconv_from_encoding: uniconv.hu16_strconv_from_locale: uniconv.hu16_strconv_to_encoding: uniconv.hu16_strconv_to_locale: uniconv.hu16_strcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strcspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strdup: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strmblen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strmbtouc: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strncat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strncmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strnlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strpbrk: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strrchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strstr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strtok: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu16_strwidth: uniwidth.hu16_to_u32: Elementary string conversionsu16_to_u8: Elementary string conversionsu16_tolower: Case mappings of stringsu16_totitle: Case mappings of stringsu16_toupper: Case mappings of stringsu16_u16_asnprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_asprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_snprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_sprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_vasnprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_vasprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_vsnprintf: unistdio.hu16_u16_vsprintf: unistdio.hu16_uctomb: Elementary string functionsu16_vasnprintf: unistdio.hu16_vasprintf: unistdio.hu16_vsnprintf: unistdio.hu16_vsprintf: unistdio.hu16_width: uniwidth.hu16_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.hu16_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a stringu32_asnprintf: unistdio.hu32_asprintf: unistdio.hu32_casecmp: Case insensitive comparisonu32_casecoll: Case insensitive comparisonu32_casefold: Case insensitive comparisonu32_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparisonu32_casing_prefix_context: Case mappings of substringsu32_casing_prefixes_context: Case mappings of substringsu32_casing_suffix_context: Case mappings of substringsu32_casing_suffixes_context: Case mappings of substringsu32_check: Elementary string checksu32_chr: Elementary string functionsu32_cmp: Elementary string functionsu32_cmp2: Elementary string functionsu32_conv_from_encoding: uniconv.hu32_conv_to_encoding: uniconv.hu32_cpy: Elementary string functionsu32_cpy_alloc: Elementary 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Elementary string functionsu32_snprintf: unistdio.hu32_sprintf: unistdio.hu32_startswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_stpcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_stpncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strcat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strcmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strcoll: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strconv_from_encoding: uniconv.hu32_strconv_from_locale: uniconv.hu32_strconv_to_encoding: uniconv.hu32_strconv_to_locale: uniconv.hu32_strcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strcspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strdup: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strmblen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strmbtouc: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strncat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strncmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strnlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strpbrk: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strrchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strstr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strtok: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu32_strwidth: uniwidth.hu32_to_u16: Elementary string conversionsu32_to_u8: Elementary string conversionsu32_tolower: Case mappings of stringsu32_totitle: Case mappings of stringsu32_toupper: Case mappings of stringsu32_u32_asnprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_asprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_snprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_sprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_vasnprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_vasprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_vsnprintf: unistdio.hu32_u32_vsprintf: unistdio.hu32_uctomb: Elementary string functionsu32_vasnprintf: unistdio.hu32_vasprintf: unistdio.hu32_vsnprintf: unistdio.hu32_vsprintf: unistdio.hu32_width: uniwidth.hu32_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.hu32_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a stringu8_asnprintf: unistdio.hu8_asprintf: unistdio.hu8_casecmp: Case insensitive comparisonu8_casecoll: Case insensitive comparisonu8_casefold: Case insensitive comparisonu8_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparisonu8_casing_prefix_context: Case mappings of substringsu8_casing_prefixes_context: Case mappings of substringsu8_casing_suffix_context: Case mappings of substringsu8_casing_suffixes_context: Case mappings of substringsu8_check: Elementary string checksu8_chr: Elementary string functionsu8_cmp: Elementary string functionsu8_cmp2: Elementary string functionsu8_conv_from_encoding: uniconv.hu8_conv_to_encoding: uniconv.hu8_cpy: Elementary 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stringsu8_set: Elementary string functionsu8_snprintf: unistdio.hu8_sprintf: unistdio.hu8_startswith: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_stpcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_stpncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strcat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strcmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strcoll: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strconv_from_encoding: uniconv.hu8_strconv_from_locale: uniconv.hu8_strconv_to_encoding: uniconv.hu8_strconv_to_locale: uniconv.hu8_strcpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strcspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strdup: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strmblen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strmbtouc: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strncat: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strncmp: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strncpy: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strnlen: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strpbrk: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strrchr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strspn: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strstr: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strtok: Elementary string functions on NUL terminated stringsu8_strwidth: uniwidth.hu8_to_u16: Elementary string conversionsu8_to_u32: Elementary string conversionsu8_tolower: Case mappings of stringsu8_totitle: Case mappings of stringsu8_toupper: Case mappings of stringsu8_u8_asnprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_asprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_snprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_sprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_vasnprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_vasprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_vsnprintf: unistdio.hu8_u8_vsprintf: unistdio.hu8_uctomb: Elementary string functionsu8_vasnprintf: unistdio.hu8_vasprintf: unistdio.hu8_vsnprintf: unistdio.hu8_vsprintf: unistdio.hu8_width: uniwidth.hu8_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.hu8_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a stringuc_all_blocks: Blocksuc_all_scripts: Scriptsuc_bidi_category: Bidirectional categoryuc_bidi_category_byname: Bidirectional categoryuc_bidi_category_name: Bidirectional categoryuc_block: Blocksuc_block_t: Blocksuc_c_ident_category: ISO C and Java syntaxuc_canonical_decomposition: Decomposition of charactersuc_combining_class: Canonical combining classuc_composition: Composition of charactersuc_decimal_value: Decimal digit valueuc_decomposition: Decomposition of charactersuc_digit_value: Digit valueuc_fraction_t: Numeric valueuc_general_category: Object oriented APIuc_general_category_and: Object oriented APIuc_general_category_and_not: Object oriented APIuc_general_category_byname: Object oriented APIuc_general_category_name: Object oriented APIuc_general_category_or: Object oriented APIuc_general_category_t: Object oriented APIuc_is_alnum: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_alpha: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_bidi_category: Bidirectional categoryuc_is_blank: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_block: Blocksuc_is_c_whitespace: ISO C and Java syntaxuc_is_cntrl: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_digit: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_general_category: Object oriented APIuc_is_general_category_withtable: Bit mask APIuc_is_graph: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_java_whitespace: ISO C and Java syntaxuc_is_lower: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_print: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_property: Properties as objectsuc_is_property_alphabetic: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_ascii_hex_digit: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_arabic_digit: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_arabic_right_to_left: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_block_separator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_boundary_neutral: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_common_separator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_control: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_embedding_or_override: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_eur_num_separator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_eur_num_terminator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_european_digit: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_hebrew_right_to_left: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_left_to_right: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_non_spacing_mark: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_other_neutral: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_pdf: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_segment_separator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_bidi_whitespace: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_combining: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_composite: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_currency_symbol: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_dash: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_decimal_digit: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_default_ignorable_code_point: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_deprecated: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_diacritic: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_extender: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_format_control: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_grapheme_base: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_grapheme_extend: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_grapheme_link: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_hex_digit: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_hyphen: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_id_continue: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_id_start: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_ideographic: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_ids_binary_operator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_ids_trinary_operator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_ignorable_control: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_iso_control: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_join_control: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_left_of_pair: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_line_separator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_logical_order_exception: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_lowercase: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_math: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_non_break: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_not_a_character: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_numeric: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_alphabetic: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_default_ignorable_code_point: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_grapheme_extend: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_id_continue: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_id_start: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_lowercase: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_math: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_other_uppercase: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_paired_punctuation: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_paragraph_separator: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_pattern_syntax: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_pattern_white_space: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_private_use: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_punctuation: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_quotation_mark: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_radical: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_sentence_terminal: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_soft_dotted: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_space: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_terminal_punctuation: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_titlecase: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_unassigned_code_value: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_unified_ideograph: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_uppercase: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_variation_selector: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_white_space: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_xid_continue: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_xid_start: Properties as functionsuc_is_property_zero_width: Properties as functionsuc_is_punct: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_script: Scriptsuc_is_space: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_upper: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_is_xdigit: Classifications like in ISO Cuc_java_ident_category: ISO C and Java syntaxuc_locale_language: Case mappings of stringsuc_mirror_char: Mirrored characteruc_numeric_value: Numeric valueuc_property_byname: Properties as objectsuc_property_is_valid: Properties as objectsuc_property_t: Properties as objectsuc_script: Scriptsuc_script_byname: Scriptsuc_script_t: Scriptsuc_tolower: Case mappings of charactersuc_totitle: Case mappings of charactersuc_toupper: Case mappings of charactersuc_width: uniwidth.huc_wordbreak_property: Word break propertyucs4_t: unitypes.huint16_t: unitypes.huint32_t: unitypes.huint8_t: unitypes.hulc_asnprintf: unistdio.hulc_asprintf: unistdio.hulc_casecmp: Case insensitive comparisonulc_casecoll: Case insensitive comparisonulc_casexfrm: Case insensitive comparisonulc_fprintf: unistdio.hulc_possible_linebreaks: unilbrk.hulc_snprintf: unistdio.hulc_sprintf: unistdio.hulc_vasnprintf: unistdio.hulc_vasprintf: unistdio.hulc_vfprintf: unistdio.hulc_vsnprintf: unistdio.hulc_vsprintf: unistdio.hulc_width_linebreaks: unilbrk.hulc_wordbreaks: Word breaks in a stringunicode_character_name: uniname.hunicode_name_character: uniname.huninorm_decomposing_form: Normalization of stringsuninorm_filter_create: Normalization of streamsuninorm_filter_flush: Normalization of streamsuninorm_filter_free: Normalization of streamsuninorm_filter_write: Normalization of streamsuninorm_is_compat_decomposing: Normalization of stringsuninorm_is_composing: Normalization of stringsuninorm_t: Normalization of strings