5.2 Measurements

gtroff (like many other programs) requires numeric parameters to specify various measurements. Most numeric parameters⁹ may have a measurement unit attached. These units are specified as a single character that immediately follows the number or expression. Each of these units are understood, by gtroff, to be a multiple of its basic unit. So, whenever a different measurement unit is specified gtroff converts this into its basic units. This basic unit, represented by a ‘u’, is a device dependent measurement, which is quite small, ranging from 1/75th to 1/72000th of an inch. The values may be given as fractional numbers; however, fractional basic units are always rounded to integers.

Some of the measurement units are completely independent of any of the current settings (e.g. type size) of gtroff.

i

Inches. An antiquated measurement unit still in use in certain backwards countries with incredibly low-cost computer equipment. One inch is equal to 2.54cm.

c

Centimeters. One centimeter is equal to 0.3937in.

p

Points. This is a typesetter’s measurement used for measure type size. It is 72 points to an inch.

P

Pica. Another typesetting measurement. 6 Picas to an inch (and 12 points to a pica).

s

z

See Fractional Type Sizes, for a discussion of these units.

f

Fractions. Value is 65536. See Colors, for usage.

The other measurements understood by gtroff depend on settings currently in effect in gtroff. These are very useful for specifying measurements that should look proper with any size of text.

m

Ems. This unit is equal to the current font size in points. So called because it is approximately the width of the letter ‘m’ in the current font.

n

Ens. In groff, this is half of an em.

v

Vertical space. This is equivalent to the current line spacing. See Sizes, for more information about this.

M

100ths of an em.